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Aphrodisiac
CHUCHUHUASI
Maytenus macrocarpa
Chuchuhuasi is an enormous canopy tree of the Amazon rainforest that grows to 30 m high. It has large leaves (10-30 cm), small, white flowers, and extremely tough, heavy, reddish-brown bark. Several botanical names have been given to this species of tree. It is referenced as Maytenus krukovii, M. ebenifolia, M. laevis, and M. macrocarpa; all botanical names refer to the same tree. Chuchuhausi is indigenous to the tropical rainforests of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
TRIBAL AND HERBAL MEDICINE USES
Indigenous people of the Amazon rainforest have been using the bark of chuchuhuasi medicinally for centuries. Its Peruvian name, chuchuhuasi, means "trembling back," which refers to its long-standing use for arthritis, rheumatism, and back pain.
One local Indian remedy for arthritis and rheumatism calls for one cup of a bark decoction taken three times a day for more than a week.
Local people and villagers along the Amazon believe that chuchuhuasi is an aphrodisiac and tonic, and the bark soaked in the local sugarcane rum (aguardiente) is a popular jungle drink that is even served in bars and to tourists (its often called "go-juice" to relieve pain and muscle aches and to "keep going" during long treks in the rainforest).
Local healers and curanderos in the Amazon use chuchuhuasi as a general tonic, to speed healing and, when combined with other medicinal plants, as a synergist for many types of illnesses.
In Colombia, the Siona Indians boil a small piece of the bark (5 cm) in 2 liters of water until 1 liter remains, and drink it for arthritis and rheumatism.
In the Ecuadorian rainforest, the Quijos Quichua Indians prepare a bark decoction for general aches and pains, rheumatism, sore muscles, menstrual pain, and stomachaches.
In the Peruvian Amazon, chuchuhuasi is still considered the best remedy for arthritis among both city and forest dwellers. It is also used as a muscle relaxant, aphrodisiac, and pain-reliever, for adrenal support, as an immune stimulant, and for menstrual balance and regulation.
In Peruvian herbal medicine systems, chuchuhuasi alchohol extracts are used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bronchitis, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, and menstrual irregularities and pain.
PLANT CHEMICALS
Chuchuhausi is a powerhouse of plant chemicals-mostly triterpenes, and sesquiterpene alkaloids. Two of the more well-known chemicals in chuchuhuasi are mayteine and maytansine - alkaloids long documented (since the 1960s) with antitumor activitity and which occur in other Maytenus plants as well.
The main plant chemicals found in chuchuhuasi include: agarofuran sesquiterpenes, canophyllol, catechin tannins, dammarane triterpenes, dulcitol, ebenifoline alkaloids, euojaponine alkaloids, friedelan triterpenes, krukovine triterpenes, laevisine alkaloids, macrocarpin triterpenes, maytansine, mayteine, maytenin, mebeverine, phenoldienones, pristimeran, proanthocyanidins, and tingenone (and its derivatives).
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
Chuchuhuasi's long history of use has fueled much clinical interest in the research community. In the 1960s, an American pharmaceutical company discovered potent immune-stimulating properties of a leaf extract and a bark extract, documenting that it increased phagocytosis (the ability of immune cells to attack bacteria and foreign cells) in mice.
Researchers in 1977 reported that alcohol extracts of the bark evidenced anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in various studies with mice, which validated chuchuhuasi's traditional uses for arthritic pain. Its anti-inflammatory action again was reported in the 1980s by an Italian research group.
They reported that this activity (in addition to radiation protectant and antitumor properties) were at least partially linked to triterpenes and antioxidant chemicals isolated in the trunk bark.
In 1993, a Japanese research group isolated another group of novel alkaloids in chuchuhuasi that may be responsible for its effectiveness in treating arthritis and rheumatism.
In the United States, a pharmaceutical company studying chuchuhuasi's anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties determined that these alkaloids can effectively inhibit enzyme production of protein kinase C (PKC).
PKC inhibitors have attracted much interest worldwide, as there is evidence that too much PKC enzyme is involved in a wide variety of disease processes (including arthritis, asthma, brain tumors, cancer, and cardiovascular disease).
A Spanish research team found more new phytochemicals in 1998, one of which was cited as having activity against aldose reductase. (This enzyme is implicated in nerve damage in diabetic patients.)
In the mid-1970s, Italian researchers tested a chuchuhuasi extract against skin cancers and identified its antitumorous properties. They attributed these effects to two chemicals in chuchuhuasi called tingenone and pristimerin.
Three groups found new and different sesquiterpene compounds in 1999, two of which showed marginal antitumor activity against four cell lines, and one of which was documented as effective against leishmaniasis (a tropical parasitic disease).
CURRENT PRACTICAL USES
If the constituents in chuchuhuasi responsible for inhibiting PKC can be synthesized, it is possible that a new arthritis drug will be developed.
In the meantime, the natural bark of this important Amazon rainforest tree will continue to be an effective natural herbal remedy for arthritis, for adrenal support and as an immune tonic as it has been for centuries.
It is best prepared as it has been traditionally: as an alcohol tincture or a decoction. It normally takes about 3-4 days of daily use to get a beneficial effect for arthritic pain, and up to a month or longer of daily use is necessary for adrenal support.
Family: Celastraceae
Genus: Maytenus
Species: krukovii
Synonyms: Maytenus ebenifolia, M. laevis, M. macrocarpa, M. multiflora, M. terapotensis, Celastrus macrocarpus, Haenkea macrocarpa, H. multiflora
Common Names: Chuchuhuasi, chucchu huashu, chuchuasi, chuchasha, chuchuhuasha
Parts Used: Bark, root, leaves
Phytoterapeutic properties:
Muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain-reliever), menstrual stimulant, tonic (tones, balances, strengthens overall body functions), adrenal tonic (tones, balances, strengthens the adrenals), antidysenteric, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, digestive stimulant, febrifuge (reduces fever), menstrual stimulant, tonic (tones, balances, strengthens overall body functions)
(Clavo huasca)Tynanthus panurensis
Substance: Powdered pieces of thick mature vines.
Description:
Clavo huasca is a large, woody vine that grows up to 80m in length and is indigenous to the Amazon rainforest and other parts of tropical South America. Two species of plants are sold in herbal commerce as "clavo huasca" - the true Tynanthus vine, and another, completely different, Mandevilla genus vine. (We offer the real vine.)
Indigenous Traditional Use:
The Shipibo-Conibo, Kayapó, and Assurini Indian tribes in the Amazon rainforest regard clavo huasca highly as an impotency remedy, for weak erections, and as an effective aphrodisiac for both men and women. It is also used as an adjunctive ingredient in various ayahuasca recipes (or taken shortly after taking the concoction) to settle the stomach. Ayahuasca is a phytochemically-rich combination of plants brewed by Indian shamans to connect to the spirit world. Through a series of reactions among chemicals from several plants working together, a hallucinogenic plant extract is created. While clavo huasca is not itself a hallucinogen, the ayahuasca brew also can be quite purgative-causing vomiting and diarrhea. Clavo huasca is sometimes added to the brew or taken simultaneously to help reduce these effects.
Main Uses:
1) as a female aphrodisiac for pre-menopausal women
2) for muscle pain and aches
3) as a digestive aid to calm the stomach, increase appetite, and expel intestinal gas
4) as a male aphrodisiac and for erectile function
5) as a general tonic (tones, balances, strengthens overall body functions)
Clavo huasca is also widely regarded as an aphrodisiac for both men and women in Peruvian herbal medicine today. It is a main ingredient in two famous herbal formulas for impotency and frigidity which are sold widely in the herbal markets and stores in Peru as aphrodisiacs and for sexual potency. One is called Siete Raices ("Seven Roots") and the other is Rompe Calzon ("Bust Your Britches"). As an aphrodisiac, clavo huasca is traditionally prepared by macerating the vine bark and wood in alcohol, or most commonly, the local sugar cane rum called aguardiente. In Brazilian herbal medicine, the plant is called cipó cravo; it is considered an excellent remedy for dyspepsia, difficult digestion, and intestinal gas (when brewed as a water decoction) and an aphrodisiac (when macerated in alcohol into a tincture).
Pharmacology: Preliminary phytochemical analysis by Brazilian scientists have discovered an alkaloid they named tinantina as well as tannic acids, eugenol, and other essential oils.
Despite its long and popular use in South America, there are no published clinical studies as yet on clavo huasca.
Interactions:
Contraindications: None reported.
Drug Interactions: None reported.
Traditional Preparation:
As a libido-aid, 3-4 ml of a 4:1 tincture is taken twice daily or a tea is made from the vine. As a digestive aid and appetite stimulant, 1 cup of a vine wood or leaf infusion is prepared. Powdered Clavo is very easy to take, you can simply cap it and take 1-2 gms a day.
Huanarpo Macho (Jatropha macrantha) Bark Powder
Huanarpo
In Peru Huanarpo Macho bark and stem is a very popular male sexual tonic and aphrodisiac. It is considered an overall male sexual stimulant and libido aid and used to restore sexual potency, for premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. It is also used in Peruvian herbal medicine for asthma, bronchitis, coughs, and diabetes and as a nerve tonic to calm and support the central nervous system. Suggested Use: Huanarpo Macho is best prepared as an alcohol tincture. Combine 1 part bark powder
with 4 parts 90 proof alcohol (Rum, Vodka, Brandy), allow macerating for 2 weeks while agitating solution daily, then strain into a clean bottle and seal.
It is traditionally taken in dosages of 3 ml (90 drops) twice daily or as needed.
Iporuro (Alchornea castaneifolia) Leaf Powder
Iporuro is traditionally used for inflammatory problems such as arthritis, rheumatisms, muscle and joint pains, to increase flexibility and the range of motion.
Therefore it is prepared as an alcoholic tincture and taken orally or applied topically. Iporuro has been gaining popularity among North American athletes and health
practitioners recently; reports indicate that Iporuro provides nutritional support to muscle and joint structures. It is also showing great promise in balancing sugar
levels in diabetics. Further Iporuro is considered to be a geriatric, meaning it is useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases specific to the aging process.
Finally Iporuro leaves are believed to be a remedy in the treatment of Impotency and are ingredients in the famous Siete Raices aphrodisiac.
Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Root Extract
Ginseng has been used in China for more than 2,000 years as a general body tonic to enhance physical strength and resistance and is becoming more and more popular
in the western world. It is one of the most highly regarded of herbal medicines in the Orient, where it has gained an almost magical reputation for being able to
promote health, general body vigour and also to prolong life. It is taken to stimulate and relax the nervous system, encourage the secretion of hormones,
lower blood sugar and cholesterol levels and increase resistance to disease. Further it is used in the treatment of debility associated with old age or illness,
lack of appetite, insomnia, stress, shock and chronic illness. Athletes with the intention of improving stamina commonly use Ginseng.
